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legal name
Legal name is the name that identifies a person for legal, administrative and other official purposes. A person's first legal name generally is the name of the person that was given for the purpose of registration of the birth and which then appears on a birth certificate (see ''birth name''), but may change subsequently. Most jurisdictions require the use of a legal name for all legal and administrative purposes, and some jurisdictions permit or require a name change to be recorded at marriage. The legal name may need to be used on various government issued documents (e.g., a court order). The term is also used when an individual changes their first or full name, typically after reaching a certain legal age (usually 18 or over, though it can be as low as 14 in several European nations).
A person's legal name typically is the same as their personal name, comprising a given name and a family name. The order varies according to culture and country. There are also country-by-country differences on changes of legal names by marriage. (See ''married name''.)
Most countries require by law the registration of a name for newborn children, and some can refuse registration of "undesirable" names. In 1991, a Swedish couple refused to give their newborn a legal name, in protest at existing naming laws. In 1996, they were fined for not registering a name for their child for five years, after they unsuccessfully tried to register the child's name as Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, and then as "A".
==United States==
Most states in the United States follow the common law which permits name changing for non-fraudulent purposes. This is actually the most common method, since most women who marry do not petition a court under the statutorily prescribed method, but simply use a new name (typically the husband's, a custom which started under the theory of coverture where a woman lost her identity and most rights when she married).〔''In re Natale'', 527 S.W.2d 402 (Mo. App. 1975); ''In re Kruzel'', 226 N.W.2d 458 (Wis. 1975).〕 Most state courts have held that a legally assumed name (i.e., for a non-fraudulent purpose) is a legal name and usable as their true name, though assumed names are often not considered the person's technically true name.〔''Stuart v. Board of Supervisors'', 295 A.2d 223 (Md. Ct. App. 1972); ''In re Hauptly'', 312 N.E.2d 857 (Ind. 1974); ''United States v. Cox'', 593 F.2d 46 (6th Cir. 1979). ''See also'' 10 U.S.C. § 1551 (2006).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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